Hamlet’s relationship with his mother Gertrude Essay

When Gertrude in ‘the Closet Scene’ faces Hamlet, we get a greater understanding of Hamlet’s emotional state. His mindset and emotional state vary throughout the scene from bitter hostility towards his mother and step father, to timid fear of the Ghost in the light of his inaction, and finally to intimate resolve and benevolence as he advises his mother on how to aid his situation and her own. Hamlet, depicted as â€Å"The glass of Fashion and mould of form†, is expected of polite forms of chivalry and temperate speech. But, on the contrary, he is strikingly coarse, even brutal in his talk with his mother, and goes on with unnecessary details of her sin. Indeed, he makes more of this than his father’s murder. So disgusted is he, by the picture of her sexual relations with the â€Å"bloat king† and his â€Å"reechy kisses† pressed on her in the â€Å"rank of sweat of an enseam’d bed†. As Mr. Ivory Brown states, â€Å"it is surely plain that Hamlet (Shakespeare) has some special woman in mind, a wanton, with special tricks of speech and habit of using mocking names, and with a tendency to some kind of fidgety or skipping gait. † Even while Gertrude is probably hysterical or saddened Hamlet continues to chide her whilst she is at her lowest and most vulnerable point, â€Å"Honeying and making love, Over the nasty sty,† Hamlet sees his mother as a disgustingly sensual creature, driven by carnal needs. He seems to forget that she is his mother, who has given birth to him, raised him, and showered him with love. And she deserves a certain degree of respect from her son. However, despite everything, Hamlet’s emotional struggles with Human Nature and his shattered illusions, he has not lost love for either of his parents, as reflected in the goals of this scene. When the ghost reappears, Hamlet treats it with respect and humble submission. But, even though he loves his mother, in his heart, he has no respect for her. As he states, â€Å"I must be cruel only to be kind†. His strong words help express his own feelings of rage, and in addition, help Gertrude realize her sin and lead her towards repentance. After his periods of bitterness, anger and fear he realizes that she finally understands his message about her actions, Claudius, and his own assumed madness. His tone then changes from one of bitterness and rage to one of almost priestly counsel as he explains to her how to remedy the situation. Gertrude is described as a frail character, which lacks feeling. She is of an insensitive nature, not likely to be troubled by guilt. A placid nature, even stolid, she cannot rise high. Like Hamlet, despite her sin, Gertrude reveals that she still loves Hamlet, even if she makes no indication as to whether she still loves the Late King or Claudius. Even though she offers no defense of Claudius, for Hamlet’s accusations of regicide. And nowhere dos she affirm Hamlet’s admiration and love for his father. But she does love Hamlet and shows her love though her actions. As Claudius states, † The queen, his mother, lives by his looks†. She addresses him in affectionate terms, even in moments in the scene, which bring her pain, shame and confusion. These include calling him â€Å"Sweet Hamlet† and â€Å"gentle son†. She echoes these terms in the last scene of the play, when, rather than any addresses to either husband, in her dying words, she cries â€Å"Oh my dear Hamlet! † This implies that Hamlet is more important to her than either of her husbands, or anyone else in the court. Hamlet is probably the only person she truly loves. The actions of Claudius and Gertrude showed Hamlet a darker, more lustful animalistic side of nature, particularly in his mother, who longs for Claudius, â€Å"as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on†. This shatters his illusion of inherent goodness and virtue of mankind. If his own mother is corrupted by sin and lust, the how can anything or anyone in the world be truly virtuous? This disillusionment, anger and disappointment continue through most of the play, and appear in this portion in Hamlet’s scathing tirades against Queen. In one, he speaks to hell itself, yelling, â€Å"If thou canst mutine in a matrons bones, To a flaming youth let virtue be as wax, and melt in her own fire. † If sin can corrupt an older, wiser, calmer person such as the Queen, the virtue has no value in the world, and society can plunge into chaos. Hamlet exclaims, â€Å"Frailty thy name is woman! † Hamlet’s problem is supposed to be his feelings of disgust towards his mother. Thus the actions of his mother have lead him to believe that all women are capable of acting in this wicked way. Women, the frail members, provoke lust and feed it and Shakespeare looks for these indications, and denounces them. His inability to have a successful relationship with Ophelia is a result of this belief. He treats Ophelia with little respect, and subjects her to loathsome verbal abuse, bursting with sexual innuendo, as even in the mousetrap scene he twists everything Ophelia says, to make it sound vulgar, as he states, â€Å"That’s a fair thought to lie between a maids legs†. Hamlet’s mind is crowded with feelings of betrayal, disappointment and distrust. He ruins his relationship with the beautiful, sweet natured Ophelia due to his suspicion and distrust in the fairer sex. And Hamlet probably only realizes Ophelia’s virtue and good nature after her death, when he realizes that Ophelia had been faithful to him, and had truly loved him, so much so that she couldn’t bear his negative attitude towards her and grieved to the point, where she became mad, and then died. Uncertainty and conflict are two of the major themes of Hamlet, and both play an important role in this scene. The themes of uncertainty and appearance versus reality also appear in several inter-character relationships. The relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude is a good example. Their entire relationship is highly controversial, and there is not one explanation that proves their relationship natural or simple. Hamlet’s madness is also a good example of this. Hamlet pretends to be mad, but is not quite so, but still towards the end, even we are confused whether Hamlet’s feigned madness is actually settling in. Shakespeare fills the play with imagery of sight and blindness. Shakespeare uses this motif to see how clearly the characters can see the truth about themselves and others. Blindness to one’s heart, motives and sins leads one to excuse sins and continue in them, as Gertrude does. Her lust has blinded her to the sinful nature of her incestuous marriage to Claudius. Also we see that everyone else in the kingdom is blind to the incestuous nature of Gertrude’s marriage. This leads Hamlet to believe that he is alone in a nasty, immoral world. Where people are blind to sins as immoral as incest. Thus the Theme of Morality is major concern of Hamlet himself, as he wants those around him to feel just as strongly about the issue. His morality is largely responsible for the lack of action regarding the change of revenge on Claudius. His conscience does not permit him to kill Claudius without being sure that Claudius is responsible for King Hamlet’s regicide. So he waits to kill Claudius only after he is sure Claudius is guilty, after the play-within-the-play. Shakespeare also employs several motifs to enrich the theme of morality. One of these is sickness and disease. He compares Gertrude’s sin to a disease or ulcer, which will subtly rot her soul if she ignores it. As he says â€Å"will but skin and film the ulcerous place, While ranks corruption, mining all within, infects unseen†. A similar motif is the image of the â€Å"unweeded garden† in his first soliloquy. Hamlet sees the world, filled with sinful people as an unweeded garden. The connections with Denmark being corrupted and diseased are metaphorical for Gertrude’s relationship with Claudius, incestuous and corrupted. Hamlet is the most realistic character Shakespeare ever created. His relationship with his mother was extremely natural, in the fact that it experienced certain abnormalities, as in the case of all relationships. Their love for each other is painful, but ultimately helps them grow as people and fulfill their obligations- Hamlet’s duty to avenge his father’s death and Gertrude’s duty to repent and try to protect her son from himself and those around him. Hamlet was merely a man, with motives unknown to him, with secret agendas and internal conflicts that remain unresolved.

Maya Angelou-“Still I rise”, Benjamin Zephaniah- “Miss World” and Grace Nichols-“Sugar Cane” Essay

By a close analysis of language, show how the poets convey their cultural heritage and experiences through their poems. This essay will compare the cultural backgrounds and the style of language these three black poets use to describe their experiences. They are: Maya Angelou-â€Å"Still I rise†, Benjamin Zephaniah- â€Å"Miss World† and Grace Nichols-â€Å"Sugar Cane† through their poems. These three poems were written by black poets. They all have a theme of standing up for yourself, fighting for your rights and being strong and overcoming pain and suffering. â€Å"Sugar Cane† is a poem about the life of a sugar cane that is grown and harvested. The poet personifies the sugar cane so the reader can associate more with the sugar cane, and there is a compelling desire for the reader to want to read the poem. â€Å"Miss World† is about a girl who is beautiful inside and does not want to be judged like an object in a show. The poem is written like a rap and so is inviting to younger people. This poem teaches that appearances are not important. â€Å"Still I Rise† is about a woman talking about all the hardships her ancestors had to endure and how she will prevail whatever is thrown at her. This poem is about standing tall and strong and not letting anyone put you down. In â€Å"Sugar Cane†, the poet uses very descriptive language that helps the reader visualise the sugar cane. For example, â€Å"indifferent hard and sheathed in blades†. These blades are the sharp leaves of the sugar cane. This image is of a strong object, capable of defending itself. The blades are a symbol of the black slaves, able to fight back against people, wanting to destroy them. The poet also uses language in a West Indian dialect, â€Å"he isn’t what he seem† and â€Å"he shiver like ague when it rain†. The poet uses personification to help the reader visualise the sugar cane as a thin g that matters, like a person. Later on in the poem, the poet uses, â€Å"he comes to learn the truth about himself, the crimes committed in his name†. This refers to the fact that the slaves were used to farm the sugar cane for â€Å"the white man† and died from over work, exhaustion and starvation. In â€Å"Miss World† the poet also uses words that rhyme if the reader is reading in a West Indian accent, â€Å"best for self-defence† â€Å"cause no grievance†. Ordinarily these would not rhyme, so the reader would know at once by reading this or â€Å"de† (the) or â€Å"day†(they) that this poem is written in a dialect. In â€Å"Still I Rise† the poet always speaks in correct English and shows that she is well educated and is articulate. She uses phrases like â€Å"Leaving behind nights of terror and fear, into a daybreak that’s wondrously clear†. Sugar Cane is grown in many countries where black people live, and so most of them work to harvest t he sugar cane. Sugar Cane grows through life and becomes old, â€Å"His colour is the aura of jaundice when he ripe†. This could mean that the black slaves are unhealthy as a product of mistreatment. After sugar cane is possibly ageing, he then dies when â€Å"the hurricane strike smashing him to pieces† whether it is the hurricane killing him, or the farmers harvesting with machetes, â€Å"either way he can’t survive†. In some countries, sugar cane is the only source of income. The Poet uses the sugar cane as a metaphor for black people trying to be strong and fight back against racism and to show that they are tough on the outside but sweet on the inside like the sugar cane. This is similar to â€Å"Miss World† where the theme of the poem is not to judge people by their looks, † You cannot judge my sister’s heart by looking†¦just by looking†¦just by looking at her breast†. The sister is described as being â€Å"beautiful† because she has a personality and is not superficial like the people who judge others, â€Å"just by looking†. Even though she is beautiful, she would rather fight for her rights then be treated like a slave or an object. In â€Å"Sugar Cane† when black people were slaves, they’re lives were full of suffering and misery; the poet shows this as a metaphor for the sugar cane growing through the earth, â€Å"Slowly painfully sugar cane pushes his knotted joints upwards from the earth slowly painfully he comes to learn the truth about himself, the crimes committed in his name â€Å". Similarly, in â€Å"Miss World† the poet conveys the sister’s hard life by saying that she is beautiful but â€Å"Her legs are firm and sharp best for self-defence†, showing that she has to defend herself. In â€Å"Still I Rise†, the poet describes a painful life, â€Å"out of the huts of history’s shame, I rise, up from a past that’s rooted in pain, I rise† this refers to the extreme pain and suffering this race went through. The poet talks about how she will overcome everything that is thrown at her and she will prevail. â€Å"You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still like air, I’ll rise† The poet mentions power over the sugar cane, suggesting the slavery of the black race, â€Å"it is us who weed him in the earth in the first place† â€Å"we feel the need to strangle the life out of him†. These lines show that the farmers have power over whether sugar cane lives or dies. Similarly, the farmers have power over whether their slaves live or die. In â€Å"Miss World† the poet mentions slavery and that his sister does not want to be viewed like a slave at a slave market and give the judges power over her life, â€Å"day judge your lifetime by a quick interview†. In â€Å"Still I Rise†, the poet suggests that she is powerful, â€Å"welling and swelling I bear in the tide† There are also sexual references such as, in â€Å"Sugar Cane†, â€Å"smoothing stroking caressing al l his length shamelessly†. In â€Å"Miss World†, the poet writes that â€Å"her legs are firm and sharp† â€Å"she won’t walk the platform to upsex people’s lust†. In â€Å"Still I Rise†, the poet adds â€Å"I dance like I’ve got diamonds at the meeting of my thighs†. These sexually descriptive comments imply the stereotype of the black race as being very sexually active. These stereotypes include black men being virile and black people having a natural sense of rhythm. â€Å"Sugar Cane† is written in blank verse but has a very strong rhythm, â€Å"Slowly painfully sugar cane pushes his knotted joints upwards from the earth slowly painfully he comes to learn the truth about himself, the crimes committed in his name â€Å". The stanzas are in columns to look like a field of sugar cane. There is some repetition near the end with â€Å"slowly painfully†. This is probably used to emphasize the suffering of the black people. In â€Å"Miss World† the poem has a regular rhyme scheme. In other places the poem does not rhyme at all so this poem has an inconsistent rhyme scheme. There is an inconsistent stanza length throughout and there is one line that is long and sharp like a knife, which could be two short lines. â€Å"She could be out of sight but she would rather stay and fight†. This is a powerful line that stands out from the rest of the poem. There is some repetition on the last line, â€Å"by looking†¦just by looking†¦just by looking at her breast†. This is here to make the reader remember that it is what is inside that counts overall, not the outside. In â€Å"Still I Rise† each stanza is four lines long with a rhyme scheme where the second and fourth lines rhyme. This is consistent until the last two stanzas, where there is a line then â€Å"I Rise† then another line that rhymes with it, then two lines that rhyme. In the last stanza, it repeats â€Å"I Rise† at the end. This is here so it is a beacon of hope. Conclusion All these poems show the fact that black people suffered at the hands of other human beings and still do, just because the colour of their skin. These poems also show the fact that you do not have to let them take control of you or have power over you. You just have to remember†¦

What Does it Cost to Attend Emerson College?

The price of college is on the rise—according to CNN Money , between 2015 and 2017, the cost of attending a public university grew by $900 while the price of private college increased by $1,760. On average, the expense of a four-year college degree is now $56,840 for residents at public colleges and $104,400 at private, non-profit institutions. For students attending top-flight institutions like Emerson College, the price can be even higher. With prices soaring into the hundreds of thousands of dollars, it’s no wonder why the cost of college is on the minds of so many students and parents. However, before expense-induced anxiety sets in, know that the majority of students do not pay the published price at Emerson or any other institution for that matter. College costs are based on a variety of factors unique to individual students, making them difficult to predict; this also makes an institution’s published price a poor indicator of its actual cost. Net price is a better metric for understanding the real cost of college—the amount of aid awarded to a student through federal, state, and local government, institutional aid, and awards for merit are all calculated into the net price, making it much more effective for illustrating what an individual student will pay for school. Keep reading to learn about the factors that affect college costs, what those costs are at Emerson College, and to pick up some tips for reducing the expense of your education. The list price, sometimes called cost of attendance, at Emerson in 2016-2017 was $62,515. Since Emerson College is a private institution, the price (which includes tuition, room, and board) is the same for both in- and out-of-state students. While $62,515 a year puts Emerson at the top-end of colleges when ranked by cost, keep in mind that most students do not pay the published price. Normally, students paying full price are from wealthy families with annual incomes exceeding $175,000 and who are outside of the top 30% of accepted students academically. The financial aid net price of an institution is calculated by tallying the need-based financial aid received by a student through grants and scholarships and deducting it from the list price of the college or university. The average net cost of Emerson for students receiving financial aid is $57,478. One of the predominant factors in determining how much financial aid a student will receive is their financial need. Typically, the lower the income level of a student’s family, the more financial aid they will receive. To give you an idea of what to expect to pay for Emerson, here are the average net prices for a student based on household income: Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Merit aid is a type of aid awarded regardless of financial need, and it’s commonly given to students for achievements in the classroom, on the athletic field, or on stage though it can be granted for any number of reasons. The merit aid net price of a school is calculated by adding up any merit aid given to a student and subtracting it from the list price of the institution. In a survey of over 1,000 schools for merit aid generosity, Emerson ranked 526th. 36.2% of Emerson students without financial need receive merit aid and the average amount awarded to a student without need is $5,383—bringing the cost of attending Emerson College to $57,132 for students without financial need. Even after need-based grants and merit-based scholarships, students often need additional help paying for college. Many of these students turn to loans and Emerson students are no exception: 68% of Emerson students have loans, with the average amount borrowed via federal student loans being $7,464. One of the better ways to gauge how well a college will return on your investment is by knowing its outcomes. 79% of Emerson students graduate within six years of matriculating. The average salary after ten years for Emerson alumni is $46,600, which is just about even with the income of the average U.S. worker . The location of a college can also have an effect on total cost—housing, transportation, and grocery prices are just a few everyday expenses that vary from place to place and can add up over the course of four years. Boston, Massachusetts, (home of Emerson College) placed 10th on Kiplinger’s Most Expensive U.S. Cities to Live In 2019 . The cost of living index in Boston is 181.6 , meaning that it’s 81.6% more expensive to live in Boston than the average U.S. city or town. One of the primary factors for Boston’s high cost of living is housing, which is 213.9% higher than the national average. Students entering Emerson are required to live on campus for their first six semesters at school. Housing is not guaranteed for students after they fulfill their residency requirement, meaning many students will end up living off-campus during their time at Emerson. Here is what those students can expect to pay for an apartment in Boston: Emerson College’s Off-Campus Student Services can help with a variety of issues that off-campus students may encounter, from finding a roommate to learning how to cook. A part-time job is a popular way for students to offset some of the expense of college while attending. Boston provides a wide range of opportunities for students, including service positions, front desk jobs, and retail work. Massachusetts has one of the nation’s higher minimum wages at $12 an hour. Emerson has a robust Student Employment Program —at Emerson, three times more students are employed through this program than through the Federal Work Study program—designed to give students transferable skills relevant to their field of study. Available to any qualifying undergraduate, these positions are funded by individual departments at Emerson and are not related to any financial assistance programs. Scholarships are another excellent avenue for students to take toward reducing the cost of college. Some of Emerson’s scholarships, like the Luminary Scholarship and the Spotlight Scholarship, require no additional application (aside from the application to attend) for consideration. Other awards, like the Trustees Scholarship, necessitate an additional honors program application to be considered. Private scholarships also provide a path to reduce the expense of Emerson. The college maintains a webpage listing a host of scholarship opportunities available to Emerson students. One private scholarship prospective Emerson students should investigate is the National Merit Scholarship, which is awarded to top scorers on the PSAT/NMSQT. This award is given to roughly 7,500 students annually—winners receive a $2,500 one-time scholarship. Interested in learning more about this distinguished award? Read our article How to Qualify for the National Merit Scholarship Program . College finances can be confusing, but they don’t have to be. Our College Applications Program can help simplify the expense of higher education. We help students understand the real cost of college—including what they can expect to earn and owe when they graduate. Additionally, we can help students keep the cost of college down by discovering and applying for scholarships. On average, our students receive $25,000 more in scholarship awards than non- users.  

The Human Resource Function of a Retail Store Research Paper

The Human Resource Function of a Retail Store - Research Paper Example Human sources managers should consider training sales staff. Training is a career and development process which would improve the skills of staff with great but untapped potential (Krafft & Mantrala, 2010). They would contribute to the increase of the sales of the retail stores and counter the standards set by the new retail players in the industry. Training would also increase the overall performance of the stores and match the quality and convenience demands from the retail customers. Career and development process in the form of regular training ensures that sales staffs in the retail stores acquire the necessary skills to improve the overall quality of the retail products and services from the stores. Human resource managers should introduce flexible working arrangements in order to manage the cost of labor. Flexible working arrangements is the best way to minimize hiring extra retail staff especially for busy holidays and periods such as Christmas, Thanksgiving and Easter holidays. The new role ensures that employees do not work for long-hours without getting paid notes Krafft & Mantrala (2010). An eight-hour shift would work for a retail store to utilize the entire workforce by the end of the rotation. It is difficult to meet the labor costs during seasonal fluctuations with many staff members, but a temporary working arrangement would ensure that the store keeps selling. Customers are demanding quality and convenience from service and products. Human resource managers have a duty to employ highly visible employees who can keep track of the consumers..Employees should not only have relevant skills for the job, but also ability to keep a sane appearance and code of conduct. Customer need for convenience and quality from retail stores must be met. Again, human resources would benefit from a well-designed strategy that adapts to fair hiring practices for all retail staffs. Meeting high variation in customer demand is a challenge for human

Joe Orton and the Counter Cultural Movement in the 60's Essay

Joe Orton and the Counter Cultural Movement in the 60's - Essay Example The hardship during the days of the Second World War gave birth to the newest possible philosophies that state it is obvious to follow the trend of open market economy with all its perception of high yielding materialism. This hard cored materialism and pro life oriented attitude was previously known in the western world but now it came into a maximized form which sociologist refer as a pro active action against the mass destruction and insecurity of the last great war. The latest philosophy was to obtain as much as possible that life has to offer. Every social aspect changed with it and along with it changed the world around them. Plays and writer were no different. Colours became more vibrant and approach became more outrageous to keep up with the society. Joe Orton's plays were a product of this period. The funny side of this approach was however different from the basic perception of the life styles of the 1950's through the later 1960 were a confluence of conflicting philosophies. ... (Fletcher, 135-9) It is a well known fact and it has been shown time and again by many literary historians and researchers that the main targeted audience were the baby boomers who had all the opportunities to take all the advantages of almost any and every marketing gimmicks. But Joe Orton's plays had their own vibes even though they supported the antiestablishment norms of the time. Joe Orton was born in 1933 at Leicester and is famous for his social satires in modern playwright history. His career actually span only five years from 1964 to 1967 but within this short time he amused, shocked and outraged the audience with his prolific sense of black comedies that are predominantly scandalous in nature. His major plays include The Ruffian on the Stair, Entertaining Mr Sloane, Loot, The Erpingham Camp, The Good and Faithful Servant, Funeral Games and What the Butler Saw. During his short term as a successful playwright Joe Orton depicted in his plays what was going around in the outer world but he presented them in his own unique manner. (Fletcher, 221-26) Entertaining Mr Sloane was first presented on 1964 and this play appears to be a sexual innuendo with the treatment of a dark presentation. Here we find the characters indulge themselves in murder and rimes associated with murder with little or no repent at all. The sexual approach appears to be reflecting the course of action of the 1960s and ethical values are just not entertained at all. More in alignment with the context of the antiestablishment principals the characters are not will the authority to bring or reach to the aspect of justice but they are more concerned with the living and tend to extract the most out of

All the Presidents Men Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

All the Presidents Men - Movie Review Example Just as the blockbuster about the shark succeeded precisely because it jettisoned all but the spine of the story on which it was based, so does this real-life suspense thriller benefit from narrowing its focus. The two reasons that the film stops at the midway point of the book are that time constraints simply would not have allowed the entire book to be filmed and, more importantly, because although the film is directed in the style of a mystery, the ending is already known by most filmgoers. As a result, most of the bulk of the second half of the book which details the downfall of the President's men would be viewed as little more than an anticlimax if put on film. The filmmakers made the brilliant decision to not only end their story before it devolved into a numbing lesson on what at the time was very recent history, but they also chose to end the film on a downbeat note for the reporters. The central setting of the story is the offices of the Washington Post; there are only brief and cursory visits to the home life of these reporters. That is essential toward showing that the story is bigger than they are. Even though they grow throughout the film in stature, they are constantly dwarfed by their surroundings, from the huge set of the Post offices to the monuments and landmarks in Washington. This effect of showing that these two really were very little men attempting to break through the walls of a massive system against which few would have thought they could win is most effectively portrayed in the memorable shot in the Library of Congress. The scene begins at the level of the characters as they begin flipping through book borrowing cards. The camera then slowly ascends upward and the two reporters almost get lost as they become as small as ants in the massive maze of corridors and tables of the Library of Congress as seen from its ceiling. The shot is a metaphor f or the process of both investigative journalism in general, and the investigation the most powerful man in the country in particular. Equally effective is the style of editing that contributes to an overpowering sense of isolation from power. The very idea of contemporary editing effects with shots lasting only a few seconds would be counterproductive. The film is primarily a collection of long shots and extended scenes of dialogue punctuated by appropriate moments of silence. What this method accomplishes is creating a sense of dread and fear. Paranoia runs throughout the film, especially in the scenes involving Deep Throat. Deep Throat in the book was, as he had to be, merely a cipher; he had no real personality, existing more as a talking head. Hal Holbrook infuses the character of Deep Throat with a snide and even derisive quality that pumps electricity and humanity into scenes that ran the risk of falling flat. Since Deep Throat's real identity was a mystery when the film was made, the character could have suffered by being characterized too generically. Paradoxically, Deep Throat comes off as one of the mos t human of all the characters and this is partly due to the shadowy atmosphere in which he is filmed. Even a scene as simple at the reporters pulling out a parking lot on the roof and disappearing into the vast expanse of Washington, DC is imbued with hidden horrors. All the President's Men does not just stand as one of the

Define our approach to developing a Lifce Cycle Cost for the RRRP - to Research Paper

Define our approach to developing a Lifce Cycle Cost for the RRRP - to help prime develop logical path to developing and fielding technical solutions - Research Paper Example By working towards maximizing value in terms of achieving economic competitiveness and value through lowering the lowest long term costs of ownership, a good objective will be achieved for all the departments. The assessment of life cycle costs includes the cradle to the grave costs and provides a method to accurately consider long term decisions. Six different radar test centres have come together in order to create a single unified program to replace their existing ageing radar systems, hence this new umbrella organization is the one that stands to benefit the most from the improvement of the radar life cycle. The first stage in the improvement of the radar life cycle is the acquisition stage, where old and defective parts of the system would need to be replaced by new components. One of the first aspects which must be taken into consideration is that the existing radar systems are fifty years old and therefore practically obsolescent, and will require periodic upgrades of both software and hardware, which would only involve further costs. How often such upgrades would need to occur would depend upon how often computer capacities would increase. For example, Moore’s law states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit would double every two years, so this effectively means that existing technologies would become obsolescent very quickly. Hence hardware and software upgrades may be required at least once every four to five years. Moreover, in the case of older systems, manufacturers of some of the parts could stop making them and it wou ld become difficult to replace the parts, thereby necessitating upgrades, because some components are no longer available. Where radar systems are concerned, the accuracy and complexity requirements are also quite high; therefore the capacity of all the

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the Essay

National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post soviet space - Essay Example The group discussions we had as a group yielded the topic our present discussion, â€Å"National security of independent States (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space,† which was agreed upon unanimously through a group vote. The group arrived at the topic after thorough deliberations of its significance and centrality in any attempt to understand the state of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, especially given the ever-shifting and complex nature of the security environment in the post-Soviet space. Governments are charged with the responsibility of promoting and maintaining national security, which entails the protection of a state by using all the resources at their disposal including economic, political, as well as diplomatic power; in practice, national security in many states is determined by the combination of conditions influencing their security environment and dynamics. This paper will employ the constructivism theory to explore the national security of the independent states (Ukraine and Lithuania) in the post-Soviet space, while paying particular attention to the key themes in the region’s security environment, and highlight a probable approach for addressing these problems. Independent states in the Post-Soviet apace, often collectively referred to as the post-Soviet states or the former Soviet Union, or the former Soviet Republics, refers to a group of 15 states that emerged out of the dissolution of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in the year 1991 (Akiner, 1998 p.1089). The USSR dissolved both because of, and against a backdrop of a serious stagnation in the region’s economy, as well as recession; most of the independent states that emerged out of the dissolution embarked on the transition towards a market economy in the wake of the 1990’s, rebuilding and restructuring their economic systems. The independent post-Soviet states fall into five major groupings or

How Beyond Budgeting Model Can Overcome Traditional Budgeting's Dissertation

How Beyond Budgeting Model Can Overcome Traditional Budgeting's Criticisms and whether it's the Way to Forward to Adaptive Mana - Dissertation Example decentralised teams 26 2.6.3 Performance measurement 26 2.7 Changes in the Organisation with the adaptation of Beyond Budgeting 28 2.8. Summary 32 3.0. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Research Overview 33 3.3 Research Philosophy 34 3.4 Research Approach 34 3.5 Research Methods 35 3.6 Research Strategy 36 3.7 Research Design 36 3.8 Data Collection Method 37 3.9 Data Collection Method 37 3.10 Analysis Method 37 3.10 Reliability of Research 38 3.11 Limitations 38 3.12 Summary 39 4.0 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 40 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Case Analysis 40 4.2.1 American Express 40 4.2.2 Case Analysis of Aldi 44 4.2.3 Case Analysis of UBS Wealth Management and Business Banking 45 4.2.4 Case Analysis of Guardian Industries Corporation 46 4.2.5 Case Analysis of SpareBank 1 54 4.3 Summary 61 5.0 DISCUSSION 62 6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 68 6.1 Conclusion 68 6.2 Recommendations: 72 7. List of References 73 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Budgeting is one of the most important tool s for managers and it has been regarded as the cornerstone of the management accounting system by Hasnen, Otley, and Stede (2003). Budgeting is a tool that is used by mangers as a blueprint for their future actions. Budgeting is used by organisations to analyse how the firm is performing and how it is expected to perform in the time to come. In some organisations, this tool is also known as the annual planning process. Budgeting has been one of the most commonly used methods by managers and it has been used in different parts of the world. However, with the passage of time there have been several discrepancies and inconsistencies found in the budgeting process and traditional methods used by managers for budgeting and this has raised questions regarding the reliability and effectiveness of budgeting process (Ostergren and Stensaker, 2011). One of the major purposes of budgeting is that it allows the company to analyse how it is able to achieve and meet its objectives. With proper an d effective use of budgeting techniques, an organisation is able to improve its profits and reduce its unnecessary expenses. There can be different purposes for using budgeting and some of the most important purposes of using budgeting techniques include: forecasting financial statements, controlling costs and expenses, managing and predicting cash flows, resource planning, communication plans etc (Becker, Messner, and Schaffer, 2010). Organisations may use budgeting for more than one of these above reasons and it is up to the management how they adopt these techniques as there have been several firms that have adapted and have achieved benefits of using these techniques. Besides the advantages and benefits that budgeting techniques offer, these techniques have several limitations that limit and reduce the importance of such techniques. Organisations have been planning to improve these techniques and therefore there has been sufficient research on this topic (Linder and Weber, 2005) . Budgeting techniques are not only used for one department or one product that the company is offering. With the use of budgeting technique an organisation is able to identify the cash inflows and outflows from different departments or products that the company offers. By using these data, the management can be able to better analyse the situation and take decisions accordingly. Therefore it has been used by management as a planning tool for years (Drury, 2008). 1.2 Background The traditional budgeting approach is a combination top down and bottom up

Government Spending and Price Levels Term Paper

Government Spending and Price Levels - Term Paper Example A part of the consumer’s income is taxed. Let the fixed rate of tax be t. Then the savings can be written as S = (1-t)Y-C+ tY-G. Consumption can be written as C=c(1-t)Y, c is the marginal propensity to consume. Therefore, S=(1-c)(1-t)Y-tY-G. Let us concentrate on the monetary side. The assumption here is that the supply of money (M) is determined by the central bank. The consumer’s decision on their holdings is the sole driving force behind the demand for money. The consumers allocate a part of their wealth as currency and the remaining part in the form of bonds. It is expected that an increase in the interest rate will induce consumers to keep a smaller proportion of their income as currency which, in turn, reduces the demand for money. An expansionary monetary policy will reduce the interest rate and increase output in the short run while an expansionary fiscal policy will do just the opposite (Weins, n.d.). A reduction in marginal propensity to save will increase the rate of interest along with the output. A shock of drop in consumer’s confidence will have its effects on savings, investment, money supply and demand assuming rate of interest and output remains constant. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009, p. 1) The original point A is still equilibrium of the money market. Therefore, the LM curve must include point A. But investment is same as before but savings has increased. So the point A which originally was in the IS curve is now a point where S>I. If there is movement to the right from A, then interest rates and investments are same and savings increases due increase in output. This will make the savings even bigger and so the actual movement should have been to the left of A. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009, p. 1) An increase in money supply will have no effect on savings and investment or demand for money. Therefore, savings and investment will remain the same and so IS curve must include point A. Keynesian model of cross planned expenditure The cross planned expenditure is given by Ep. Ep= C+I+G. Investment Demand Schedule (Cooke, 2010, p. 10) Ip is planned investment. Ep=E(Y,r,G,T)=C(Y-T)+Ip(r)+G Keynesian Cross (Cooke, 2010, p. 12) Government Spending (Cooke, 2010, p. 13) Phillips Curve The relationship between inflation and unemployment is represented through Phillip’s curve. There is a relation between the prices charged by the company and the wages. (Hoover, n.d.) Suppose the government plans for an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy in order to bring the unemployment below the natural rate. This results in increase in demand conditions. The firms are encouraged to raise the prices. The rate of increase in prices is faster than that anticipated by the workers. Workers in this situation are likely to suffer from money illusion. They witness a rise in the wage rate and thereby supplies more labor. This results in fall unemployment rate (Liaudes, 2005, p. 31). Imperfect Information The real economy is significantly affected by monetary policy in the short run. The non-neutral effects of monetary policy rise because of temporary nominal price rigidities. The short term interest rate is taken as the instrument of monetary policy. The Central Bank should adjust the nominal rate so that it cannot offset the movement in expected inflation. The nature of the disturbances has a role to play in this part. The Central Bank may not

Use of Acupuncture for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis Essay Example for Free

Use of Acupuncture for Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis Essay Lateral epiconylitis is a commonly encountered condition resulting from minor injury to the extensor muscles of the forearm, which originate from lateral epicondyle of humerus. This condition is characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Pain is typically present upon the resisted dorsiflexion of the wrist, middle finger or both (Buchbinder, Green Struijs, 2007). Lateral epiconylitis is known by many analogous terms like tennis elbow (TE), rowing elbow, tendonitis of the common extensor origin, peritendonitis of the elbow etc. In the United Kingdom, the incidence of tennis elbow in general practice has been estimated to be about four to seven per 1,000 persons a year (Buchbinder et al). Though TE is a self-resolving condition its symptoms can persist for as long as 18-24 months. Pain of tennis elbow can interfere with normal day to day functioning like carrying objects, lifting and gripping things etc. Though pain of TE can be initially cured with various conservative treatment modalities and rest, it can frequently recur after resumption of activity. Thus TE can cause significant amount of chronic pain and disability, which can lead to considerable morbidity and financial cost (Buchinder et al, 2007). Thus there is a need for an efficient treatment modality for TE. Till date, physicians and physiotherapists are uncertain about the exact etiology and best management option for patients with TE. There are several conventional therapies which are being used for treatment of TE. These therapies are believed to relieve pain, promote tissue healing and improve joint mechanics. These conventional therapies include anti-inflammatory medicines [NSAIDS (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and corticosteroids], physiotherapy interventions (such as stretching and strengthening exercises), cast immobilization, ultrasound therapy, using ice packs, neural stretches, deep friction massages, surgery etc (Trinh, Philips, Ho Damsma, 2004). Various non conventional therapeutic modalities like acupuncture, pulsed electromagnetic field therapy, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation etc have also been used for treatment of TE. In 1992, Labelle et al attempted to perform a quantitative meta-analysis in order to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of above mentioned treatment modalities (both conventional and non-conventional) for patients suffering from TE. They considered the results of 18 clinical trials conducted in the period from 1966 to 1990. From their analysis they concluded that the various randomized and controlled trials, which they had analyzed, were of poor quality and did not provide sufficient scientific evidence to support or oppose the therapeutic benefit of any of these conventional or non-conventional treatment modalities. Labelle et al (1992) did find some weak evidence supporting the beneficial effect of ultrasound therapy in comparison to that of placebo therapy in treatment of patients with TE. More recently, a systematic review of the literature, comprising of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of various treatment options for TE was carried out by Assendelft, Green, Buchbinder, Struijs, Smidt, (2003). They have suggested significant beneficial effect of NSAIDS (both topical and oral) in comparison to placebo in the providing short term relief from pain in patients with TE. However they found little evidence regarding the beneficial effect of NSAIDS (both topical and oral) in providing long term pain relief. While the use of topical NSAIDS was not found to be associated with significant side effects, use of oral NSAIDS, typically aspirin was associated with significant side effects like gastro-intestinal bleeding etc. This review found limited evidence regarding the beneficial effects of steroid injections in comparison to placebo, local anaesthetic agents, elbow strapping or physiotherapy. Assendelft et al also found insufficient evidence to support long term or short term beneficial effect of treatment modalities like acupuncture, physiotherapy exercises, orthoses (elbow strapping), extra corporeal shock wave therapy and surgery. They have recommended long term use of oral and topical NSAIDS and physical therapies (elbow strapping, physiotherapy, etc and avoidance of provoking activities as the first line of treatment, especially in the early stages of the disease.   They have also suggested the use of corticosteroid injections as second line therapy for providing relief from pain. However the pain relief provided by corticosteroids is usually temporary in nature with the pain recurring again after a few months. Thus they have suggested that the patients receiving such therapy should be counselled about not subjecting the extensor muscles to increased activity during the pain-free period resulting from use of corticosteroid injections. On the other hand, Bisset, Paungmali, Vicenzino, Beller,   Herbert, (2005) from their systematic review of literature, comprising of studies evaluating   the effectiveness of   various physical interventions (non pharmaceutical or   non-surgical therapeutic modalities) for treatment of TE have shown short term benefit   with the use of physical interventions like ultrasound therapy, ionisation, and acupuncture. However no evidence of long term benefit due to these therapeutic modalities was observed in this review; benefit due to these interventions was usually seen to last between two to eight weeks. Bisset et al observed insufficient evidence regarding the beneficial effect of manual therapy (involving manipulation of elbow or cervical spine), use of elbow strapping and physiotherapy exercises in the management of TE. They also observed the presence of sufficient evidence that disapproved the beneficial effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and laser therapy in the treatment of TE (both in short term and long term). However they have indicated the requirement of larger studies in future in order to confirm this finding. Since no clinical study till date has been able to demonstrate definite clinical efficacy of any conventional therapeutic modality in treatment of TE, there has been increasing trend towards the use of non-pharmacological treatment modalities, especially acupuncture, since last two decades, for alleviation of chronic pain due to TE. One major advantage of using acupuncture for treating   pain of TE over the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDS (oral or topical), corticosteroids etc is that it is free from the numerous deleterious   side effects commonly associated with the use of these drugs. Also the evidence supporting the use of these conventional pharmacological interventions is no better than that supporting acupuncture [National Institute of Health (NIH), 1998]. Despite the growing popularity of acupuncture in treatment of pain related to lateral epicondylitis, presently, there is little evidence which confirms the efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of tennis elbow. The studies conducted until now have produced conflicting results. Bisset et al (2005), in their systematic review of literature considered four studies evaluating the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treatment of TE. Three studies out of these four compared acupuncture with placebo whereas one study compared acupuncture with ultrasound. The overall evidence considered in this review supports short term beneficial therapeutic effect of acupuncture over placebo in patients with TE. Two studies, (Fink, Wolkenstein, Karst, Gehrke, 2002; Molsberger Hille, 1994) which compared acupuncture with placebo are described below in details. Fink et al (2002) conducted a study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in   treatment of TE. They also tried to compare the therapeutic effects produced by stimulating selected acupuncture points (as defined by traditional Chinese acupuncture) in contrast to those achieved through stimulation at non-specific points (these puncture points were at least 5 cm away from the traditional Chinese acupuncture points). The results of this study indicated that use of acupuncture with correct location and stimulation, in accordance to the recommendations of tradition Chinese acupuncture helped in significantly alleviating the pain, reducing disability of arms, shoulders and hands (measured through DASH questionnaire) and improving the strength of the extensor muscles in the patients suffering from TE. However these therapeutic effects (pain relief and muscle strength) of acupuncture were less evident in long term. In this study, at the time of follow-up after two months, though the overall functioning of the arm was observed to be better in the treatment group as compared to the control group, the differences in pain intensity and muscle strength were no longer found to be significant. The main aim of the study by Molsberger Hille (1994) was to find out whether acupuncture showed an intrinsic analgesic effect even after only one treatment session in comparison to that of placebo treatment for TE pain. In one single session of acupuncture treatment, patients in the treatment group were treated at a non-segmental distal point on the fibulo-tibial joint of the homolateral leg. The painful area of the elbow itself was not needled. The depth of insertion was 2 cm and during the procedure of needling, the patient was asked to move the painful arm. Patients were treated for a total of 5 min. Overall reduction in the pain score was 55.8% in the treatment group and 15% in the placebo group. After one treatment session, 79.2% (19 patients out of 24) patients in the treatment group reported pain relief of at least 50%, whereas in the placebo group only 25% patients (6 patients out of 24) reported pain relief. The average duration of analgesia after one treatment was 20.2 h in the treatment group whereas that after placebo was 1.4 h. All these results show that acupuncture has a statistically significant intrinsic analgesic effect in the clinical treatment of TE pain, which exceeds that of placebo treatment.   Since this study dealt with short term analgesic effects of acupuncture, further studies need to be carried out in future in order to evaluate the long-term therapeutic value of acupuncture for treatment chronic tennis elbow. Davidson et al (2001, cited in Bisset et al, 2005) conducted a study to compare the   therapeutic effect of acupuncture with that of ultrasound treatment in patients suffering from TE. Though significant improvement in two outcome measures i.e. pain reduction and disability prevention were observed in both the groups, no statistically significant differences in terms of these outcome measures were observed between the two groups. Thus this study indicates that there is no difference in therapeutic benefit between ultrasound and acupuncture in patients with TE. However it is difficult to reach to any definite conclusion from the results of a single study. More studies are required in future in order to arrive at a definite conclusion. In a publication by the NIH in 1998, it was determined that the results of various studies conducted till date has been promising enough to support the use of acupuncture as an adjunct treatment or an alternative to classical conventional therapeutic modalities for patients with TE. Trinh, et al (2004) conducted a systematic review of literature regarding use of acupuncture in treatment of TE, using the best evidence synthesis approach (BESA), which aimed at qualitative analysis of clinically homogeneous studies. The results of this review strongly suggested that acupuncture was an effective therapeutic modality for attaining short-term pain relief in patients with TE. Though there was a great deal of clinical heterogeneity between various studies considered in this review, five studies out of six studies considered in this review indicated that acupuncture treatment was more effective compared to placebo treatment. The studies conducted till date have failed to provide us with definite results. This can   be attributed to a variety of factors like: flaws in study design, heterogeneous treatment protocols, small sample size, inherent difficulty in the use of appropriate controls etc (NIH publication, 1998). Selection of method for performing the procedure in control group for these studies poses to be a difficult problem. Method of performing the   procedure in control group is important because the insertion of placebo needles itself results in inherent analgesic effect due to release of local ?-endorphins (opioid like substances), which can influence the outcome of the study too (NIH publication, 1998). Future research is recommended to resolve the issues discussed above. Thus there is a need for large scale, well-designed, multicentric, randomized control trials in future that will use standardized treatment protocol and appropriate methods for performing the procedure in controls. It is evident from the above discussion that various studies which aimed at assessing the   efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of TE had employed different processes for performing acupuncture, in terms of location of puncture points, depth of insertion of needles, the number of needles used, duration of treatment etc. In order to arrive at a definite conclusion regarding the efficacy of acupuncture in treatment of patients with TE and in order to maximize the chances for a successful treatment with acupuncture, there is a need for a uniform, accurate and complete description of the most effective method to be used for performing acupuncture in patients with TE. With this in mind, Webster-Harrison, White Rae (2002) conducted a study in order to develop a standardized treatment protocol for acupuncture therapy in patients with TE. They adopted a modified Delphi’s consensus technique to combine the opinions of fourteen British acupuncture experts into a standardized treatment protocol. This protocol contained eight items pertaining to the treatment of TE using acupuncture and has been described in table 1. The various items considered in this protocol were: selection of acupuncture points; length and diameter of needles used; depth of insertion; duration of treatment; interval between successive treatments; whether the needle should be stimulated or not; the type of response to be achieved upon stimulation and number of treatment cycles needed. Use of this protocol in randomized multicentric trials conducted in future is likely to give accurate results (Webster-Harrison et al). Conclusion From the discussion in this paper it becomes apparent that till date no study in published   literature has been able to demonstrate long term beneficial effects of any pharmacological, surgical or physical therapy in comparison to that of a placebo therapy for treatment of patients with TE. Among various non-pharmacological therapeutic options, acupuncture presents an effective and safe adjunct treatment or an alternative to classical conventional therapeutic modalities, especially in cases where these conventional therapeutic modalities had previously failed (NIH, 1998). Presently, the optimal treatment option for patients with tennis elbow in clinical care largely remains unclear. Acupuncture appears to be a lucrative treatment option for both clinicians and patients. However, the therapeutic benefits provided by use of acupuncture are not supported by sufficient evidence, at present. There is a need for well designed, high quality research studies, especially randomized control trials in future, in order to help in establishing the appropriate place for acupuncture in treatment of patients with TE in modern medical practice. References Assendelft, W., Green, S., Buchbinder, R., Struijs, P., Smidt, N. (2003). Extracts from concise   clinical evidence: Tennis elbow. British Medical Journal, 327, 329-340. Bisset, L., Paungmali, A., Vicenzino, B., Belle, E., Herbert, R.D. (2005). A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on physical interventions for lateral epicondylalgia. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(7), 411 422. Buchinder, R., Green, S., Struijs, P. (2007). Tennis elbow. American Family Physician, 75 (5),   701-702. Retrieved on 30 June 2007 from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070301/bmj.html Fink, M., Wolkenstein, E., Karst, M., Gehrke, A. (2002). Acupuncture in chronic   epicondylitis: A randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology, 41(2), 205 209. Labelle, H., Guibert, R, Joncas, J., Newman, N., Fallaha, M., Rivard, C. (1992). Lack of scientific evidence for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: An attempted meta-analysis. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 74, 646–51. Molsberger, A., Hille, E. (1994). The analgesic effect of acupuncture in chronic tennis elbow   pain.   British Journal of Rheumatology, 33(12), 1162-1165 National Institute of Health (1998). NIH consensus conference: Acupuncture. Journal of   American Medical Association, 280, 1518–24. Trinh, K.V., Philips, S.D., Ho, E., Damsma, K. (2004). Acupuncture for alleviation of lateral   epicondyle pain: A systematic review.   Rheumatology, 43, 1085–1090. Webster-Harrison, P., White, A., Rae, J. (2002).Acupuncture for tennis elbow: An e-mail   consensus study to define a standardised treatment in a GP’s surgery. Acupuncture in Medicine, 20(4), 181-5.

Endeavour Journal Essay Example for Free

Endeavour Journal Essay This journey followed close upon the visit of the expedition on Tahiti to observe the transit of Venus. On 8 June 1769 the transit of Venus was successfully observed from three different points. After fulfilling his mission on Tahiti Cook resumed his voyage to fulfil the task given to him secretly by the Royal Society. On 7 September 1769 the Endeavour reached New Zealand, which had never been visited by any European after Abel Janszoon Tasman had discovered it on 13 December 1642. Tasman’s stay at New Zealand was not successful in the means of its discovery. No trading had been done between the native Maori and Tasman’s crew. The first discovery by the Dutch businessmen Tasman was only the western coastline of New Zealand, which had been mapped afterwards. The first seven days of the journal had been taking place at ‘Cannibals Cove’ where the HMS Endeavour anchored for about twenty-three days. James Cook has given the name after he had an encounter with indigenous people, which will be described in the following. During the stay Joseph Banks refers to several encounter with indigenous people of New Zealand. He describes the behaviour and findings in a large extend. As an example he describes the encounter of members of HMS Endeavour’s crew and a double canoe. They have been told that the indigenous people lost a female child that according to their narrative â€Å"had been stole and eat by some of their neighbours†. Another group of crewmembers reported that they have met people who told them that they ate a child the day before. As a result of these stories Banks describes the conclusions of the crew as thefts of this kind are common for those Indians. Afterwards he tries to analyse and evaluate these stories. He assumes that the crewmembers met the same people and interpreted the stories differently which have been told by the indigenous people. Nevertheless he does not exclude this either, since families that came of to the ship â€Å"often brought women and young children in arms as if they were afraid to leave them behind. † Banks’ interest in the indigenous people of New Zealand can also be illustrated by his encounter of an Indian family. He describes them as being affable, obliging and unsuspicious and observed any order or subordination. By making known his regret of not being able to stay with the family for one night his interest in people and their behaviour can be seen. On the following days Banks describes how the exploration of the Cook Straits took place. The officers’ spread their thought that the land they have been round might be an isthmus that is between their current position (Cook Strait) and the Cape Turnagain, which they have last seen 17 October 1969. To confirm this Cook ordered the crew to sail northward until the cape could be seen. Whilst sailing in this direction HMS Endeavour came across indigenous people which in Banks’ journal entries are described as richer and more cleanly than any people they have seen since their stay at the Bay of Islands 3 November 1769. This makes him believe that they might have met subordinates of the Dominions of Teratu. As it turned out they were not this kind of people and thus they had to go on sailing northward looking for a well-known part of New Zealand. On 9 February 1770 an important discovery had been made. Cape Turnagain came back into sight, which proved that the land, they had been visiting, is an island. Besides Banks’ depictions of the exploration of New Zealand and the description of the indigenous people in huge detail he described Albatrosses and other animals to a small extend. His task as botanist plays a minor part during these days. By shooting Albatrosses as often as possible he tries to nourish the crew with fresh meat. The last four days of the journal at hand take place at the east coast of the future southern island of New Zealand. On 16 February 1770 Banks reports the sighting of a new island. This island will be later called â€Å"Banks’s Island† according to the chart of New Zealand based on Cook’s mapping. The fact that this is not an island but rather part of the southern island of New Zealand will be unknown for the rest of the journey. This error happened because Captain John Gore believed that he saw land in south eastward direction. To pursue this Cook decided to follow this direction and validate Gore’s assumption so â€Å"that nobody should say he had left land behind unsought†. On 18 February 1770 Banks states that no land could be found and the voyage will continue in westward direction. In the journals’ last entry Banks describes the discovery of land that might be either part of the New Zealand or the beginning of the southern island, which they have long yearned for. What can be seen in this part of the journal is the personal conflict of Banks. Intelligence obtained by the Indians during their last anchoring stop tells them that this might only be an island, nevertheless Banks does not want to let go of the â€Å"strong hopes that we had at last completed our wishes and that this was absolutely a part of the Southern continent†. The journal at hand includes without limitation information on the discovery of the Cook Strait and exploration of New Zealand. The subsequent days of the journey will clarify if the land they have spotted is either part of the southern continent or an island on its own. Nevertheless an outcome of this journey so far is a detailed map of northern New Zealand and the discovery of the isthmus between the northern island and the southern part. The nature of this journal is a very objective description of the happenings during the voyage.

Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption | Case Report

Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption | Case Report Management of Invasive Cervical Resorption with Heithersay approach: a case report. Abstract: Invasive Cervical Resorption (ICR) is a relatively uncommon clinical finding, characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibro-vascular tissue derived from periodontal ligament. In this case report, a 45 year old female patient came with dislodged restoration in maxillary left lateral incisor. She revealed history of trauma she had undergone ten years back with blow from utensil. Her history also stated that she had developed decay in distal aspect of the same tooth for which she had got filling done 4 years back. Here, trauma and intra coronal restoration might be the predisposing factors for ICR. Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. Key words: Invasive Cervical Resorption, Heithersay approach, non surgical, trauma, Intra coronal restoration. Introduction: Invasive Cervical Resorption (ICR) is a relatively uncommon clinical finding. This may occur in any tooth in the permanent dentition at the cervical location and invasive in nature and leads to progressive loss of tooth structure1. This pathological process is characterized by invasion of cervical region of the root by fibro-vascular tissue derived from periodontal ligament. There is progressive resorption of cementum, enamel and dentine to eventually involve pulp in the later stages2. The exact etiology of ICR is poorly understood but several predisposing factors have been identified. These were documented following first report by Harrington and Natkin in 19793. Orthodontics was the most common sole factor (21.2%) followed by trauma (14%); intracoronal bleaching was sole predisposing factor for lesser extent and to a greater extent it was in combination with trauma and/ or orthodontic treatment. Surgery involving cemento enamel junction (5.9%), periodontal therapy (4%), bruxism (2%), and intra coronal restorations (15.3%) were less common as predisposing factors. 15% of the patients showed no definite potential predisposing factor2. A clinical classification has been developed by Heithersay not just as research tool but allows for complete assessment of results of cases of ICR by non-surgical or surgical regimen. Treatment of ICR should aim at the inactivation of all the resorptive tissue and the restoration of resorptive defect. For the small, localized lesions (class 1 or 2), he reported that successful treatment was close to 100%. For the moderate-size lesions (class 3), he reported a 77.8% success rate. For the extensive, class 4 lesions, his success rate was only 12.5%2. Part of the confusion about ICR is that it is identified in the literature by at least nine different names. Heithersay1 coined the name invasive cervical resorption used in this article. It is sometimes referred to as extracanal invasive resorption based on an article by Frank and Backland in 1987 4 and was recently labeled as external cervical resorption (ECR) by Patel et al in 20095. The case we are presenting falls under class 3 category of classification based on clinical and radiological findings. Case Report: A 45 year old female patient reported to Department of Conservative Dentistry Endodontics with dislodged restoration in relation to upper left lateral incisor. Her history also revealed trauma she had undergone ten years back with blow from utensil. Her history stated that she had developed decay in distal aspect of the same tooth for which she had got filling done from local dentist 4 years back, which is dislodged now. On examination of 22, there was class III arrested caries and dislodged restoration on distal aspect. In the cervical area of the tooth, red coloured defect was noted (figure 1). On probing this resorptive cavity wall, hard mineralized tissue was felt accompanied by sharp scraping sound. The tooth was asymptomatic. Electric pulp test was negative. No periodontal pockets on probing. Radiograph revealed an irregular ‘moth eaten’ appearance in the cervical area and there were no periapical changes seen(figure2). Management: Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. The maxillary left lateral incisor is treated under rubber dam isolation. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 90% is applied on small cotton pellet to resorptive tissue on the palatal aspesct of the tooth for 3-4 minutes (figure 3). The TCA is replenished atleast twice till resorptive tissue undergoes coagulative necrosis (figure 4). The resorptive tissue is removed by curettage. Root canal treatment is carried out with hand instruments.(ICR 10) K-files (Mani, Inc. Japan). Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% (Prevest Denpro Limited Jammu, India), Normal saline (Preet International Pvt.ltd. New Delhi, India) and EDTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) are used as irrigants during root canal treatment. The canal is obturated with zinc oxide eugenol cement (Vishal Dentocare, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India) and gutta-percha (Dentsply). Now the resorptive defect is restored with glass ionomer cement (figure 5). A post operative radiograph revealed satisfactory filling of resorptive defect. (figure 6) At a follow-up period of one year, radiograph showed satisfactory treatment outcome and no signs of further resorption. Discussion: Whatever be the treatment modality of treating ICR, ultimate goal should be removal of resorptive tissue and restoration of the defect1. The chosen material which should be esthetic, biologically acceptable and the one that provides strength to already weakened tooth structure 6. Here, trauma and intra coronal restoration might be the predisposing factors for ICR. Since this case of ICR was class 3 defect, the Heithersay approach was treatment of choice. The topical application of trichloracetic acid as an adjunctive measure in the removal or inactivation of active resorptive tissue in cases of invasive cervical rà ©sorption provides an alternative approach to other methods that have been reported 7-11. Since 1977, Heithersay wrote a classic series of articles in which he describes the predisposing factors, features and recommended treatment regimen for treating ICR. He describes class 3 defect can be best treated by Heithersay approach 2. The clinical advantages of this approach are: better patient comfort, avoidance of flap procedure, avoidance of bone removal while gaining access to the defect, control of hemorrhage and inactivation of small, fibro-vascular tissue 6. This treatment regimen is well accepted by patients as it is least traumatic and cost effective and carries good prognosis. Trichloroacetic acid 90% causes coagulation necrosis of resorptive tissues. The additional advantage of TCA is its effect on periodontal ligament tissue adjacent to resorptive site where it is able to destroy actively resorptive cells by same mechanism of coagulation necrosis while expecting uncomplicated repair of the tissues 6. The insertion of suitable restorative material is facilitated by moisture control of both blood and tissue fluids following application of TCA. Thus a moisture-free field was created for placement of glass ionomer cement. Glass inomer cement(GIC) provides some reinforcement to weakened tooth structure 12. While many of the restorations need to be placed subgingivally, the glass ionomer cement used was well tolerated owing to its fluoride release and subsequent antimicrobial effect 13.Conditioning prior to insertion of GIC is not necessary as TCA has been shown to condition enamel and dentine 14. Early and accurate diagnosis of ICR along with well planned treatment regimen can lead to successful treatment outcome and long-term retention of the affected teeth

Comparing the Family of Kingsolver’s Bean Trees with the Ideal Family

Comparing the Family Presented in Barbara Kingsolver’s The Bean Trees with the Ideal Family of Socrates In The Republic, Socrates idealized the perfect city. One of the aspects that he deliberated on was the raising of children and family structure. The conclusion reached by Socrates is that no parent will know his own offspring or any child his parents (457 d). It was Socrate's belief that the best atmosphere would be created in a communal upbringing of the city's children. In the same sense, he believed that they should take every precaution to insure that no mother knows her own child (460 c). Not even the mother, the traditional child-rearer, would be permitted to know or have a say in the lives of her own children, but in all of the children as a whole. Likewise, Barbara Kingsolver presents many similar ideas of family in her novel, The Bean Trees. While Kingsolver values the communal family, she differs from Socrates in that her primary focus is on the maternal force that drives the family. Socrates' idea of the collective family is evident in Barbara Kingsolver's work, as well. In The Bean Trees, Kingsolver illustrates the many different families that can be present in one's life, and the importance of that communal role. As Maureen Ryan points out, in the different world that [Kingsolver] envisions throughout her fiction, we'd all care for everyone's child (81). In Kingsolver vision, Taylor, Lou Ann, Turtle, and Dwayne Ray can live together as a family, supporting each other physically, spiritually, and mentally. Kingsolver also makes a point to include Taylor befriending Sandy, and how they help each other out by checking up on each other's kids at the mall day-care (67). Sandy is not the only on... ...and, does not acknowledge or consider the good that is to be gained by the eternal bond of mother and child, nor does he consider this bond when speculating on the possibility of his city. Kingsolver creates a much more realistic image of an ideal family - one that is nurturing and loving, while also teaching the child the basic necessities for survival. While his idea of a communal role is emphasized, Socrates idea of how motherhood should be handled is debunked by the powerful presentation by Kingsolver in The Bean Trees. Works Cited Kingsolver, Barbara. The Bean Trees. New York : Harper, 1988. Plato. The Republic. Classics of Moral and Political Theory. 2nd ed. Michael L. Morgan. Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing Company, 1996. 32 - 246. Ryan, Maureen. "Barbara Kingsolver's Lowfat Fiction." Journal of American Culture 18.4 (1995) : 77 - 82.

Essay --

Curating has a traditional meaning and context of collection, preservation and presentation. The word curate is derived from the Latin verb curare, to care or to cure. In a traditional view, a curator is tasked to organize, filter, preserve, store and occasionally present art and artifacts in a gallery, museum or library. Historically, curators were not seen as creators of content, but simply as keepers of important objects. In the remix culture of creative commons, fair use and copyleft, the concept of a creator has expanded to include those who reasonably transform and present existing content as something educational, interesting, new or satirical (Cariou v. Prince, Universal City Studios v. Sony Corp., Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music). Curating is the greatest example of the remixing content. While designing the presentation of objects by making strategic choices considering audience and understanding goals, a curator gathers pieces that already exist in order to provide an interesting or new perspective on a subject. A curator is creating a sensory learning experience to aid in understanding and conversation. A curator is not simply a collector and preservationist, but rather a contributor to the story the art and plays an important role in learning and understanding. Albert Einstein recognized the traditional concept of the collection and cultivation of established theories in science by practicing re combination of knowledge to enlighten new ideas. In a letter to colleague Jacques S. Hadamard in 1945, Einstein wrote: The desire to arrive finally at logically connected concepts is the emotional basis of this rather vague play†¦ taken from a psychological viewpoint, this combinatory play seems to be the essential feature in pro... ...meo and Juliet; the toothpick Bridge you constructed in Freshman Physics, the History paper on the Russian Revolution from Junior Modern History class; the college entrance essays you're forced to produce with the acute understanding of yourself and your life goals at 17. Usually they are treated as separate objects usually sorted into age group piles and filed away. Meaning that all first grade objects are with other first grade objects, second grade objects are with other second grade objects, and so†on, chronologically. The ordering is fitted into the academic pigeon holes of age and development on a straight trajectory. This seems arbitrary in significance and experience by simply being ordered by academic year. The misunderstanding in this is that learning doesn't really happen in a straight line or chronological progress, although it can still be progressive.

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay -- Jane Austen Pride Prejudic

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen In this coursework I will be writing about the different marriage proposal that Elizabeth is offered by two completely different people. From the novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The three main people I will be looking at are Mr Collins, Mr Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet. Elizabeth gets a proposal from both Mr Collins and Mr Darcy but the response she will be giving is not quite either men were expecting. I will also have further explanations on how Jane Austen’s use of language is in the proposals. Mr Collins first set eyes on Jane the daughter of Mr and Mrs Bennet to be his lawful wedded wife, but he soon finds out that she is going to be engaged to Mr Bingley. Mr. Collin's attention then changed from Jane to Elizabeth. He found her equal in, 'birth and beauty.' Mr. Collins wanted to settle the argument between his father and Mr. Bennet; he hoped to do this by marrying one of Mrs. Bennet's daughters. Lady Catherine de Bourgh had influenced Mr. Collins into marriage. She told him, 'Mr. Collins, you must marry. A clergyman like you must marry. Choose properly, choose a gentlewomen for my sake; and for your own, let her be an active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, but able to make a small income go a good way.' Mr. Collins thought Lizzy fitted Lady Catherine de Boughs advice, and he thought a marriage would add very greatly to his happiness. Mr. Collins proposed to Lizzy, he was calm and collected. He spoke arrogantly, and what he said seemed well planned and rehearsed. He informed her of all the reasons for marrying her, but not one of them included or implied that he wished to marry her for love. This reason was the most important to Lizzy and ... ...ch other by looks Lydia goes for Wickham because he’s in a soldiers suite, and Wickham for Lydia because she’s a young lady. They ran away and done something which is not expected from people of such high class. It did happen at the time but mainly by working class people, it was not often for it to be seen by people like Lydia and Wickham. This brought shame upon the Bennet family and now Lydia and Wickham has to get married, Lydia being a young and impractical girl does not know what is going on, but Mr. Wickham now regrets getting married to Lydia seeing as how dim-witted she is, likewise Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet. Mr. Bennet is now stuck with her and spends most his time in the library away from Mrs. Bennet and her annoying yelling and screaming. Also Elizabeth and Jane getting a marriage proposal from people like Bingley and Darcy was very unlikely.

Project Feasibility Study

BREAKFAST: Brunch Egg Breakfast Recipe Ingredients: 6 eggs, beaten 6 slices bacon, cooked and crumbled 2 cups unseasoned croutons 1 1/2 cup shredded cheddar cheese 2 1/2 cups milk 1/2 teaspoon mustard 1/8 teaspoon onion powder 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 dash pepper Directions: 1. Place croutons and cheese in the bottom of a greased 9Ãâ€"13 pan. 2. Combine eggs, milk and seasonings; pour into baking dish. 3. Sprinkle with bacon. 4. Bake at 325 until set (55-65 min). Serve immediately. BEEF TAPA AND LONGGANISA Ingredients: Skinless Longanisa/ Longanisa Nuggets 350g ground pork tbsp soy sauce 1/2 tsp salt 5 cloves garlic, smashed and minced 1 tbsp vinegar 1 tbsp Mirin (sweet rice wine) (optional, or Worshteshire sauce) 1 tsp ground pepper 2 tbsp sugar Procedure: 1. Mix all ingredients 2. Scoop a mixture using a tbsp, put it into the wax paper/cling wrap and roll the wrap and shape it like a sausage, mini sausage. The wrap will serve as a the longanisa cover and to separate one from the other, and it should be removed before frying. OR if you want to eat it immediately, scoop a mixture, shaped it like a sausage or any shape you want, then fry them. . Store longanisa in the freezer (2 to 3 days), when you want to eat them, boil a little water (4 tbsp) and put your longanisa (unwrapped) , cover it for 5 mins, remove longanisa and fry them. serve with garlic-chili-vinegar. A little burnt on the outside won't hurt, it's more yummy.. LUNCH: CHICKEN DRUMMETS Ingredients: 10 pieces chicken drumsticks 1/2 cup garlic ranch dressing 1 1/4 cups breadcrumbs 1 (8-gram) pack Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning Procedure: 1 Toss and coat drumsticks with garlic ranch dressing. Chill in the refrigerator for 30 minutes. In a large bowl, mix together breadcrumbs with Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning. Roll each drumstick in breadcrumb-seasoning mixture until well-coated. 3 Deep-fry drumsticks in hot oil until golden and cooked through. Coco nutty Shrimps Ingredients: 1/4 kilo large shrimps (about 2 dozens) 1/2 cup dessicated coconut 3/4 cup garlic peanuts 1/3 cup flour 1 egg, lightly beaten 1 tablespoon lime juice salt and pepper to taste lime wedges for squeezing Procedure: 1 Devein and peel shrimps leaving tail intact. 2 Pat dry shrimps using a napkin. Transfer to a plate. Lightly sprinkle with salt and pepper. Using a food processor, process together coconut and peanuts until finely chopped. 4 Place flour in a bowl and season with salt and pepper. In another bowl, combine egg and lime juice. In a third bowl, place processed coconut and peanuts. 5 Dip shrimps one at a time first in flour mixture, second in egg and lime mixture, then in coconut-peanut mixture. 6 Deep-fry in hot oil until golden; about 3 minutes. Serve with lime wedges. DINNER: Ingredients: 3 lb whole chicken legs; drumsticks and thighs 3/4 cup distilled white vinegar 2 garlic cloves; crushed 1 bay leaf 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper 6 tablespoons soy sauceProcedure: In a large kettle combi ne the chicken, the vinegar, the garlic, the bay leaf, the pepper and 1/2 cup water. Bring the mixture to a boil and simmer it, covered, for 20 minutes. Add the soy sauce and simmer the mixture, covered, for 20 minutes. Transfer the chicken with tongs to an oven-proof platter and discard the outer skin. Place platter in oven and grill both sides for about 15 minutes until browned. Strain the broth through a sieve, return it to the kettle and boil for 10 minutes or until it is reduced to about 1/2 cup Remove chicken from the oven, pour the sauce over it and serve with rice.Bistek Filipino Style Beef Steak Ingredients________________________________________ †¢400grams of beef fillet, thinly sliced †¢75ml light soy sauce †¢75ml dark soy saucet †¢250ml water †¢juice of 1 lemon †¢2 tablespoons of vegetable oil †¢1 large onion, sliced in rings How to make it ________________________________________ †¢In a pan add the beef, along with the soy sauces, water and lemon juice. Bring to the boil and let it simmer for about 10-15 mins until the beef is tender. Taste the sauce. If it's too sour, add more soy sauce or if too salty, add more lemon juice.It should be a balance of sourness and saltiness. †¢Once tender, remove the liquid to a bowl and leave aside. Let any remaining liquid in the pan evaporate off then add the oil. Gently fry the beef for a couple of minutes then add the onions. Cook till the onions are translucent and still have a little crunch. Add back the liquid and let simmer for another 2 minutes. †¢Serve with steam rice. DESSERT Creme Brulee You can prepare and eat this as is, or make it a touch more interesting with fruits and chopped chocolates. Makes 6 to 8 cups Prep and Cooking Time 45 minutes 2 cups cream vanilla bean, split lengthwise 6 egg yolks 1/4 cup white sugar 1/4 cup confectioners' or powdered sugar 1 Preheat oven to 160? C. 2 In a heavy saucepan, bring the cream to a boil together with the van illa bean. 3 In a large bowl, beat together egg yolks and sugar until pale yellow in color. 4 Set aside vanilla bean and pour the boiling cream to the yolk-sugar mixture. Mix well. 5 With the tip of a paring knife, scrape the insides of the vanilla bean. Add scrapings to the cream and discard the pod. 6 At this point, you can add fruits or chopped chocolate to each ramekin or oven-proof cup as desired.Fill the mold with the custard mixture until half a centimeter from the rim. 7 Line the bottom of a shallow baking tray (about 2 inches high) with a dishcloth. Place ramekins on the tray and fill the tray halfway with water. 8 Bake in the oven for 15 to 20 minutes. Let cool, then chill in the refrigerator. 9 Before serving, dust the top with a thin layer of icing sugar. Caramelize the sugar using a gas torch or an oven broiler until you achieve a crisp, dark brown coat. BAKED RECIPES Shrimp-Stuffed Zucchini Flowers (Fiori Di Zucca Ripieni Con Gamberi) Ingredients ounces (226 g) large s hrimp, preferably wild, peeled and deveined 12 grape tomatoes, finely chopped 1 teaspoon chopped thyme 2 tablespoons (30 ml) extra-virgin olive oil Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper 12 zucchini flowers, washed, and trimmed Bottom of Form Directions Position a rack in the center of the oven and heat the oven to 350 °F (180 °C). Finely chop the shrimp and then transfer to a medium bowl. Add the tomatoes, thyme, 1 tablespoon of the oil, and a pinch of salt and pepper; mix well. Fill the zucchini flowers with 1 heaping tablespoon of the shrimp filling.Arrange on a small baking dish and then drizzle with the remaining oil and sprinkle with a pinch of salt. Bake in the oven until the flowers are lightly golden, and the shrimp is cooked through, 7 to 10 minutes. Remove from the oven. Rich Chocolate Cake with Salty Dulce de Leche & Hazelnut Brittle o o1 cup freshly brewed hot coffee o1/2 cup Dutch-processed cocoa powder o3/4 cup packed light brown sugar o1/2 cup plain whole-mi lk yogurt o2 teaspoons vanilla extract o8 tablespoons (1 stick) unsalted butter, at room temperature o1 1/4 cups granulated sugar o1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 3/4 teaspoon baking soda o1 teaspoon table salt o2 eggs oTOPPING: o1 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt o1/2 cup dulce de leche oHAZELNUT BRITTLE (makes about 2 cups): o6 tablespoons (3/4 stick) unsalted butter o1/2 cup sugar o1 tablespoon light corn syrup o1/8 teaspoon baking soda o1/8 teaspoon table salt o1/2 cup whole unsalted hazelnuts, skins removed Directions Preheat the oven to 350 °F. Prepare a 10-inch round cake pan by greasing it with cooking spray and then lining the bottom with parchment paper. To make the cake, pour the hot coffee into a medium bowl and stir in the cocoa powder until it dissolves.Stir in the brown sugar, followed by the yogurt and the vanilla. Stir thoroughly to ensure that all of the ingredients are incorporated. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the butter and gra nulated sugar on medium speed until light-yellow and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Scrape down the sides of the bowl. Add the eggs and mix for 2 minutes, scraping down the bowl as needed. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt. With the mixer running on low speed, mix in a third of the flour mixture and half of the coffee mixture.Scrape down the bowl. Add another third of the flour mixture and all the remaining coffee mixture. Remove the bowl from the mixer and, using a rubber spatula, fold in the remaining flour mixture until all of the ingredients are fully incorporated. Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan. Bake for 25 minutes. Rotate the pan in the oven and bake for 20 more minutes, or until a cake tester inserted in the center of the cake comes out clean. Remove the pan from the oven and let the cake cool in the pan for 20 minutes.Then turn the cake out onto a clean plate, remove the parchment, and turn the cake back over onto a wire rack. Let the ca ke cool completely. In a food processor, pulse the brittle pieces 3 to 4 times until the brittle is powdery. Put the cooled cake on a serving dish. In a microwave-safe dish, heat the dulce de leche on high power for 30 seconds, or until it is just liquid. Spoon the dulce de leche over the cake, and then sprinkle the kosher salt over the dulce de leche. Sprinkle about ? cup of the ground brittle around the outer edge of the cake as a delicious decoration.

A Separate Peace †Denial of Truth Essay

The invigorated A give in off Peace focuses mainly around a 17 year old named ingredient Forrester and his psychological development. The chronicle is set in a boys boarding school in USA during World War II. in that respect atomic number 18 four main boys in the novel and they completely undergo major(ip)(ip) character changes through the humbug. One of them goes crazy, and the others incur severe attitude changes. element is caught sound in the center of these changes. He is real close with all of the other trio boys, and thus all of the changes affect him very much.Due to all the tension occurring in this novel because of the war and level(p) forth turn outts going on at the school, in that respect is a s a standardizedl of self-abnegation of consecutiveness happening. Three of the four boys mentioned earlier deny the uprightness at neartime in the story. This denying of the true sometimes finishs with the someone who committed the fault in a bad condition at the extirpate of the book, and sometimes in profound condition. So it terminate be say that in that location were both positive and detrimental solvents for each of the self-disciplines of the faithfulness, understood these will be explained more in-depth in the following paragraphs.Although it starts later on half the book is finished, one of the major examples of denying the truth in the novel is Finny denying the ingenuousness of the war. Though it is disclosed at the end that Finny knew all along almost the war, he succeeds, after a elfin time, in making cistron truly guess in the non-existence of the war (although constituent claims that he did non really believe the story, his air around his classmates and his actions say otherwise). The first result we see of this demur is Finnys exculpation of his bitterness towards the ground because of his loss.This destroys the two-baser we shed of Finny as a perfect person because it shows that he b lames the demesne for his accident. It also stuns gene so much that he begins to do pull-ups, even though he has neer done even ten before. With Finnys verbal help, component manages to do thirty. This solidifies the friendship between them. after this moment, Finny decides to take ingredient into his confidence and ordains him he wanted to go to the 1944 Olympics, just that gene will pass to go instead, and goes on to start knowledge constituent.Finally, after m whatever a(prenominal) mornings of hard training, cistron nettly finds his rhythm. Superficially, it lav be said that due to Finnys guile about the war, factor became very athletic. A deeper study shows that the misfortune is much more meaningful than this. It symbolizes gene coming into his own. The fountain writes that Finny seemed older that morning? he seemed small too. Or perhaps it was and that I, interior the same body, had felt myself all at erst grown bigger. It whitethorn also be said that on this morning Finny (a model of athleticism) became part of Gene.So, it jackpot be seen that Finnys denying the reality of the war was truly one of the more key examples of denial of truth in the novel because it resulted in, among other things, a greater bind between Finny and Gene and shattered the image of Finny being truly composed and serene. some other example of denial of truth would be Leper. Leper, as is plain throughout the story, perpetually denies reality. He is very often be in his own ? dream world, and when he isnt he is faint and hesitant to show his true feelings.This was belike because he was difficult non to come fun of. For example, at the beginning of the book, when he claims Genes jump was crack than Finnys and is re providedted by Finny, he didnt argue or refuse. He didnt back forward. He became inanimate. on that point are also many examples of his non being conscious of his surroundings. One of them is when Gene is thinking about him when h e sees him on his stylus to clearing railroads. Gene recalls that succession most of the boys are listening to the announcements, Leper do little sketches of birds and trees in the back of his notebook computer.Then, when Gene strolls up to talk to Leper, Leper comments about move paths. Someone choosing to ski everywhere helping clear a major railroad in the middle of the superior war of all time is rather odd. He is not even move anywhere in particular, just skiing to see nature. He also disagrees potently with downhill skiing, because it takes forth from viewing nature. He thinks that save nature matters and the entire world is as peaceful and going as slowly as he is. by and by on, when Leper is considering joining the army, we see more of this denial of reality.He chooses to join a secern of the army that he once opinion ruined skiing. He genuinely believes that when he enlists he will spend all of his time skiing down slopes. This shows that he does not truly un derstand the distressfulness of the issue. Although the positive points of Lepers denial of truth are much smaller than the minus ones, they do exist. Due to his denial of truth early on in the book, Leper went partly insane near the end of the book, but it can be seen at many points in the book that Leper finally gained some assertiveness and shed aside his unassertive personality.The next example of denial of truth is Finnys denial of the diabolic in other people. Finny represents the goodness that is in benignant beings. Because he is so good, he has fuss understanding how other people can open evil in them. This denial of truth gets him into a sorry claim at the end of the book. in that location is an indicator of his truthfulness early on in the book, when Gene comments that Finny ever said what he happened to be thinking, and if this shocked people so he was surprise. Finny is the guy who is always calm and nice.He is so surprised when Gene confesses to him that he purposely caused Finny to light out of the tree that he refuses to even believe Gene, and calls him a damn home run. Even prior to this, when Gene sees Finny in the school infirmary, Finny tells Gene about how he thought that there might have been some foul play up in the tree when he bring down, wherefore immediately apologizes to Gene for having that feeling without even waiting for Gene to check the authenticity of this feeling. Afterwards, on the first day of the actual school year, Finny calls Gene to talk to him.When Gene claims that he was crazy and over the go, Finny doesnt refute this, and even goes as far as to apologize once again for thinking that Gene was absolutely sedate. With his open, honest nature, Finny cannot truly sustain that Gene, who he considers his best friend, pushed him off the tree. Finnys vacillation here can also be compared to another incident in the book. After hearing about Leper going crazy, Finny says, I guess I always knew about the war, but I didnt have to apply it. Finny knows that Gene really had caused the accident, but he refuses to admit it and represses it so much that he literally forgets about it.Thus, when Brinker organizes the trial and it is proved (with evidence from Leper) that Gene did cause him to fall, it devastates Finny, and he rushes out of the Assembly Room, slips on the stain stairs, breaks his leg, and later, dies. However, if Finny had not denied the truth about evil in others and had openly challenged Gene, then the story would be much different, and Gene would not have gone through the serious mental development that he did. The final example of denial of truth in the story is Genes wavering to acknowledge the evil in him.There are many examples in the story other than Gene pushing Finny out of the tree that show the evil in Gene. Gene feels a lot of ire towards Finny for all the things that Finny gets away(predicate) with. One of these things is when Finny wears his intercept emble m to school classes. He is questioned by the sternest of the Summer Session masters, old Mr. Patch-Withers, but gets away with it. Gene even admits that Finnys ability to get out of smother makes him envious, but claims that it is okay to be grabby of a friend, but the next incident proves otherwise.Finny often wears ties to replace belts, but on the day of the term tea makes the dislocate of wearing the school tie as a belt. When Mr. Patch-Withers sees this, Gene becomes unexpectedly horny because Finny wasnt going to get away with it. When Finny does not get in trouble, Gene is disappointed and says, Phineas was going to get away with even this. Genes hesitancy to acknowledge the evil in him is turn up later in the book when Leper says that Gene ? always was a savage underneath and Gene kicks the chair out from underneath him.Gene cannot accept the truth. In this way he is similar to Finny, although the reason wherefore is completely different. Because Gene cannot believe tha t there is evil in him, he tries to tell himself that everybody else is evil and thinks that everyone is out to get him. Because he believes this, when Finny breaks the school swimming record, and refuses to tell anyone or do it officially, Gene says he is too good to be true. This is because Finnys behavior contradicts Genes acquaintance of Finny as having evil in him and it shocks Gene. some other time when Genes true viewpoint is shown is when he asks Finny if he would mastermind if he got the highest mark in the class. Finny replies, with obvious sarcasm, Id kill myself out of jealous envy, but Gene takes it completely seriously, and fells his true feelings from Finny. Gene even acknowledges that he does not know everything that there is to know about him and that there are still hidden parts of himself. still he says that these parts could contain the dark Sack, the outcast or the coward.Gene does not mention the possibility of evil in him here or at any other time before F innys death. The good and bad points for this denial of truth are very similar to the ones for the prior example. Although Gene does not suffer for his refusal to accept the evil in him, Finny does, but only when he breaks his leg, and not when he dies. altogether of these people react to their various crises in different ways. For example, Leper emerged from a protective corrupt of vagueness only to meet it? and so give up the struggle absolutely, objet dart Brinker develops a careless general bile against it.It is interesting to note that all of the examples of denial of truth in the book end with the character in question face a total attitude change. Leper becomes partly insane and much more assertive. Gene understands his feelings much better and is a changed person. It is like when Finny died some of his serenity entered Gene. Because he denied the wars existence, Finny caused Gene to stay away from all their other friends (Brinker, Chet, etc. ) and only talk to him. Wi th Finnys denying evil in other people it is a little bit more complicated. With each straight fall, it was like Finnys character fell too.For example, after the first fall, the bitterness in Finny was shown and he also knowingly lies to Gene about the war. After the second fall, however, there is a bigger difference. He attempts to hide his pain at the ? trial, but after falling again, he can no longer mask his kindle with Gene, and shows this when Gene comes to visit him in the night. He tries to attack Gene, but cannot get out of his bed to get near him. Finny has ? locomote from his state of perfection and is like a normal person. He does show, however, that he still has the ability to forgive when he sees Gene for the last time.